The author provides citations for his claims. However, historian Donald Engel believes that the Vox acted as a death warrant for the cat. In those days, papal inquisitors extracted confessions from prisoners that they worshiped the devil and his black cat by torturing them vigorously. There were probably several strains of plague spreading through Europe. One such individual was a German priest and nobleman, Conrad of Marburg. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/eight-witchcraft-myths/. Gregory immediately recognizing Conrad as a useful tool in his war against religious dissent. Locusts and every other kind because the sparrow not only ate grain but also insects the great 3 year famin followed and the official Chinese records showed 15 million people died of starvation but later studies done by experts from outside of China say the official numbers are fudged badly in an optimistic attempt to cover the true death toll of around 45 million plus some even say as high as 70 million!! It's like visiting the museum with a close friend who just happens to know all the best stories, secrets and gossip. But today, the association between cats and Halloween persist, perhaps ironically because spurious associations between cats and Satan worshiping that the Catholic Church pushed, some 800 years ago. The novice kisses him and feels cold, [like] ice, and after the kiss the memory of the [C]atholic faith totally disappears from his heart. Conrads methods for identifying heretics were questionable to some. For the worship of the cat had its basis in the pagan past. The novice then feasted with the rest of the congregation, after which they assembled to pay homage to a black cat which emerged from a kind of statue which normally stands in the place where these meetings are held., The whole coven was required to kiss the cats behind, and once they had done this, a wild sexual orgy occurred. After years of consultation and research, Pope Gregory XIII signed a papal bull in February 1582 promulgating the reformed calendar that came to be known as the Gregorian calendar. For he had inherited the problem of heresies which were blossoming across thirteenth century Christian Europe and challenging the universal church. (along with other predators including snakes, which had long since carried the label of being evil). We accept this storythat we humans once crossed cats and it resulted in one in three of us dyingbecause it just feels rignt. In 2019, Profs and Pints, an organization that was founded to democratize higher learning, hosted an event that was designed to demystify the magical, spiritual and even sexualdepictions of catsin media and society. The Churchs feline foibles didnt stop with Gregory, however. The same evil popes who say God created all creatures of the earth, yet they, wantonly murdered these defenseless creatures of the earth that God created. Actually, the murder of cats in Europe continued for hundreds of years, and another Plague swept through Europe again in the 17th Century. February 8, 2013. If you survived, you lost many people you loved. Gregory was a reluctant pontiff- and not just because of his age. Heretical beliefs were on the rise at the time, . What Im seeing here is a well-researched fact piece angering someone who kinda half-remembers something she thinks she read somewhere this one time. The disease was ravaging Asia before it ever made its way to Europe. Interestingly enough, Halloween originally a pagan celebration also has Catholic roots in the form of All Hallows Eve, that is the Vigil of All Saints Day, when Catholics remember those who have gone before them to enter their heavenly home. Once the lights came back on, from a dark corner, the figure of a man emerges. This man was Lucifer, who the whole company firmly believed to have been wronged by God. The people of the time may have felt that this was the end of days, but the wake of the plague was nothing but an opportunity for survivors. The following rites of this [sect] are carried out: When any novice is to be received among them and enters the sect of the damned for the first time, the shape of a certain frog [or toad] appears to him. Ive written before about whycats are strange including the reasons cats like to walk all over you, knead you and are afraid of cucumbers. Home chairman meow wisdom Why Cats Were (Wrongly) Blamed for the Black Plague in Europe. I suppose its possible that Vox in Rama simply set the stage for a cat-killing trend that would, generations later, result in the Black Death. Long Live Chairman Meow Propaganda Poster, This Is Fine Meme: Dog Drinks Coffee In Burning House. why did pope gregory think that cats were evil? By removing many cats from the food chain, the population of rodents began to rise across Europe, as Asian and other foreign ships carrying rats brought them to European harbors. HUMAN OVER-POPULATION ISNT PRETTY, IT IS THE CAUSE BEHIND CHRONIC WARS. His condemnation of cats may not be responsible for the spread of black death, but it's definitely connected to the decline in cat populations at the time, and the proliferation of rat populations. No one can say for sure how many cats were killed because of the association made between them and witchcraft by the Vox in Rama. So as you say, cats couldnt have contained bubonic plague. One can love animals, the Catechism says. April 1st was originally celebrated as the New Year day, until in 1582 Pope . In other words, the Europeans were murdering their best ally in the war against the pandemic. Did Pope Gregory's comfort with the law cause him to overstep his station as the pope? Good luck keeping them down for half a millennium.6, Maybe the biggest hole in the cat theory comes from the history of the plague. The truth of the plague variations that wiped out Europe is, they were the results of a perfect storm. Before the 13th century, many societies, . ALL ANIMALS ARE BEAUTIFUL, EVERY SPECIES KNOWN IS A JOY TO BEHOLD, EVERY ONE, RIGHT DOWN TO THE HIPPO, THE PIGS, EQUINES, PACHYDERMS , FELINES, CANINES, BOVINES. Finally, even if cat numbers were vastly reduced, they were not wiped out. Even today, the Vatican still throws shade at cats. Thou Shalt not suffer a Cat to Live: Why Pope Gregory IXs Vox in Rama Implicated Cats in Devil Worship. The bull does not, however, dictate that Catholics across Europe kill all cats to stop Satan. As a journalist, I spoke daily with public affairs officers who represented diverse government and corporate clients. *Coupons: Check out our coupons for stores like Checks Unlimited and CheapOair! Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXII/498/1075/457108/The-Black-Death-in-Egypt-and-England-A-Comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext, Kattenstoet. But this means that a papal bull that didnt tell people to wipe out cats and was only sent to Mainz somehow influenced the majority of people throughout Europe to kill off all their cats, and to stick to it over the course of the next 115 years. Cats and the Black Plague. On June 13, 1233, Pope Gregory IX instigated the first bull of his papacy: the Vox in Rama. Before you accuse me of clickbait, hear me out. That misguided stereotype is why witches are still depicted with black cats to this day. Finally, even if cat numbers were vastly reduced, they were not wiped out. Reply . Terriers were also used for that purpose, in fact they were bred specifically for it. Cats just arent dogs, and I respect and love them specifically for that reason. Literally no cats. How then could he have impacted the good people of the 1300s? As I learned at the Profs and Pints event, cats persist as a marker of femininity in the media and our language of pop culture. Pope Gregory IX did not say cats are evil, and did not order people to kill cats. Some people are sick. Elsewhere in Europe, the legacy of cat killings passed into folk practices. Thats serious.. This description created an image that was to be used for all future depictions of witches sabbats- and one that established the cat as a creature of the devil. That was when Ugolino was over 80 years old. In fact, the picture of a white Persian cat in Bond villain Ernst Blofelds lap is an indelible cultural image, as is that of the hairless cat that Dr. Pope Gregory XII (Latin: Gregorius XII; Italian: Gregorio XII; c. 1327 - 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario, or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/ravens-memory-unfair-trade/. During these witch trials, a woman even testified in court that cats spoke to her, and threatened to hurt her if she didnt abuse children in the town. As one might have predicted, thereafter, mass slaughters of cats blanked Europe. The account began by describing the initiation of novices to the coven. It wasn't until Pope Gregory IX came to power in the 1200s that black cats became a symbol of bad luck. The mass murder of cats was not the only cause of the Black Plague, but it removed a crucial natural predator of the flea-carrying rats that spread the disease. People banged drums and kept the sparrow in the air not permitting them to land until they died of exhaustion! But, was it because of cats andrats? On June 13, 1233, the Pope issued the Vox in Rama to King Henry of Germany. By rough estimates, as many as 200 million people died. Without them, pests would run wild, and not just rats. Cats dont generally take on rats. But this time, Pope Francis is focusing on all pets saying that people spend way too much money on furry friends. Both, however, rendered the Catholic Church redundant. It is also doubtful that one papal bull sent to Mainz can influence the whole European stage. Where do we get our stuff? Cats are natural hunters. Some kiss this creature on the hind quarters and some on the mouth, they receive the tongue and saliva of the beast inside their mouths. Lastly, a bit of science about the plague: the disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is initially transmitted by fleas, which pass it to their hosts. I dont really agree that cats offered no protection from the plague. Information junkie with high probability of being a real-life Ted Mosby. https://owlcation.com/humanities/Cats-and-the-Black-Plague, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/ravens-memory-unfair-trade/, http://historycollection.co/thou-shalt-not-suffer-a-cat-to-live-why-pope-gregory-ixs-vox-in-rama-implicated-cats-in-devil-worship/, https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXII/498/1075/457108/The-Black-Death-in-Egypt-and-England-A-Comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext, https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death, http://www.kattenstoet.be/en/page/497-511/the-cat-throwing.html, https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/eight-witchcraft-myths/, https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp, Abee, Holle. Since the reign of Gregory, folks at the time had taken a disliking for cats, especially the black ones. STOP W/ THE BABIES ALREADY. Lead bulla of Gregory IX. It was his distaste for cats that penned the Vox in Rama. For Conrad in his quest for heretics around Mainz and Hildesheim claimed to have uncovered a Luciferian cult. They definitely dont stop fleas. According to Pope Gregory IX, cats were the embodiment of the devil himself. Retrieved from http://www.kattenstoet.be/en/page/497-511/the-cat-throwing.html, MedicineNet.com. He therefore gave his official blessing to the widespread persecution of cats across Europe. Then each [returns] to his place and, speaking certain responses, they incline their heads toward to cat. (2016, May 4). Its disgusting the way people treat and exploit these great animals. Unfortunately, modern DNA testing allowed us to dig into the causes of death from aging corpses. No one can say for sure how many cats were killed because of the association made between them and witchcraft by the Vox in Rama. February 8, 2013. And it gets repeated because it feels right to many people - it makes our ancestors look stupid and so make. A witch and her cat. You can say that Im addicted to it. Purina, the multinational firm known for making cat chow, notes that, Egyptians have had a long love affair with cats. But it starts to fall apart once you roll it around in the ol brainpan. The cats play into the picture as they would have normally been instrumental in cutting down the rat populations. I get why we have dogs. Good read, thanks! At first glance, these rites, with their orgies and obscenities seem to be deliberately far-fetched. The cat had obtained a darker connotation through its association with Galinthias, who became a servant of Hecate, a Greek goddess of the underworld after she was turned into a cat by the goddess Hera. On March 19, 1227, 80-year-old cardinal Ugolino di Segni became Pope Gregory IX. Queen Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with the burning of a cat-stuffed effigy. (Accessed June 1, 2018). I was among the attendees of this event, and can attest that it was a doozy. I didnt expect to read the whole article, but I found myself tickled in all the right places, so dear sir, I did indeed finish the article in its entirety. As I understand it, people used small dogs for rat hunting. In Ypres in Belgium, it was the custom to hurl cats from the belfry of local churches and then set them on fire during the festival of cats or Kattenstoet. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_5',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');Ancient Peruvians may have been attracted to cats in a way similar to Egyptians. Gregory IX. Encyclopedia of World Biography, Encyclopedia.com. Like, if I were to think of evil depictions on display in a museum, this would be one of them. Over many centuries, Egyptians found that a cat was the one creature that could make the world safe, according to Purina. His pontificate was notable for the papacy's attempts to intervene in the quarrels between Emperor Louis the Pious and his sons. I soon realized thatpublic affairs combined the best of both worlds of journalism and television talk shows I get to learn interesting and unusual things about people who worked with me, I then get to tell their story. There is little real evidence for this. Cats were beloved by Egyptians. Gregory IX approved the Northern Crusades of the Teutonic Order, the purpose of which was the baptism of the Baltic pagan peoples, and which led to the attempts of the Catholic colonialists to seize the lands of Pskov and Novgorod principalities. Remember: Egyptians were known for being cat lovers, and Asia is where cats originally came from. Some people even went as far as blaming. His papacy started when hereticism run rampant in Europe, and yet, by the end of his term, he saw the completion of one of the most important canon law in the Catholic Church known as the Decretales Gregorii IX, excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and (allegedly) founded the earliest incarnation of the papal inquisition. Pope Gregory IX initiated the feline holocaust in Europe which was to continue . 1958 China Chairman Mao and the great leap forward he had designs on wiping out the four evils Great read! Apparently snakes and scorpions were threats too. But the association between cats and gender is not a new one. Now this seems like a story of immense fiction but as it happened so recently in this modern time we have documented proof this is true so why is it so hard to believe the Pope and cat story? Allegedly, people confess to Konrad that Luciferianism initiates goes through an initiation process that includes giant toad, pale man, and licking the bum of a backward walking-living statue of a black cat. Plague in Cats. In the years ahead, feline-kind all across Europe saw their status slammed from a sacred and protected animal to a false idol. Furthermore, several more black plagues would hit the world in the 18th century or so, and it's unlikely that the cat population still suffers the cathunt after hundred of years. Conrads methods, however, yielded results and in 1231, the Archbishops of Trier and Mainz wrote to the Pope, full of praise for their heretic catcher. Either way, his account cant be true. Based on these confessions, in 1233 Pope Gregory IX issued an official papal decree declaring that Satan was half-cat and sometimes took the form of cat. Is the Vox in Rama authentic? He informed the Pope of his findings. Pope Gregory IX (1147-1241) was probably the world's worst cat hater or at least he did the most damage to cats. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Museum Hack leads small group, VIP museum tours that are fun, fast-paced and surprisingly cool. That evil came to be neatly personified in the form of black cats that were beaten to death to purge the new season of evil spirits. This cruel practice continued until 1817 although the Kattenstoet continues to this day- involving stuffed cats instead. But feline-human relations deteriorated sometime in the early 1230s (CE) when Pope Gregory IX issued a papal bull called Vox in Rama. Public Domain. ), Then, in 1484, another pope, Innocent VIII, issued apapal bullthat condemned to death all cats and their human companions. In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX, pope from 1227-1241, believed that cats actually carried the spirit of Satan himself within them. Pope Gregory IX did issue a papal bull, . Zealousness is a common occurrence in medieval times, the same thing goes for Gregory IX. Though the Nazca Lines themselves werent discovered until 1926, when air travel started to become common, its been a World Heritage site since 1994, and is famous for its humming bird and astronaut geoglyphs. Evil cradles in the Austin Powers franchise. (2007, September 1). That evil came to be neatly personified in the form of black cats that were beaten to death to purge the new season of evil spirits. But in the final analysis cats just arent dogs. If anything, the cathunt is Konrads interpretation of the papal bull. Then, when the rats came bearing the Plague, there were no mousers left to keep the disease in check.3. Public Domain. Where do we get our stuff? My mum always said the best way to get rid of a flea infestation was to let a cat walk through your house. For example, 79 medieval cats were mysteriously slain in Cambridge, England, by the townsfolk in the 13th century. Tomb of Ancient Viking High King Discovered, The Most Bizarre Relics From The Ancient Funeral Rite. ITS TIME FOR THE GOVT TO STOP THE HUMAN OVER-POPULATION. The bull called upon the bishops of Mainz and Hildesheim to lend Conrad their full support in rooting out these witches. I adore cats, they are so zen. Wierd Tales, Vol 36. Buy Long Live the Kitty! Since the ninth century AD, the Canon Episcopi of the Catholic Church had deemed belief in witchcraft to be a heresy in itself. You cant even accept that cats may have offered some protection from the plague. Cats absolutely devastate wildlife when out in nature, killing millions of birds and having been responsible for extinction of species. The nauseating details of the cult initiation process plunge Europe into a manhunt of felines a cathunt. no; mice? This demonization led to the widespread, violent persecution of black cats in particular. Although the explicit heretic activities mentioned within the Vox in Rama do mention something about our feline friend, this doesn't mean that Gregory IX endorse cathunt. And the Black Death didnt just travel to Europeit did its thing in Egypt, too, where it may have done more damage than it did in England.7. Tying the cat to satanic worship was a natural progression- and one that would have dire consequences. Which means that killing off the rats main predators was probably not the best idea. The Vox (or Voice in Rama, after the city of Ramah in ancient Judah) beseeched the archbishops Mainz and Hildesheim to lend their full support to Conrad in his efforts to root out the cult and its adherents. Other sects, such as the Cathars or Albigensians had more esoteric beliefs. Another belief is that the plague wasairborne. The Decretals reorganized the whole library of Catholic laws. While there appears to be no evidence that Pope Gregory IX ever told people to kill cats, there have been smaller historical examples of Medieval folks killing cats for weird reasons. Before the prospect of burning at the stake for having contact with the purring pets, Catholics around the the continent began slaughtering any feline that entered their property. In the 13th century, an inquisitor described, in a report to the pope, a Satanic cult in Germany that used cats as part of a ritual, and the pope's response quoted some of his information (which has been described as medieval propaganda by some). Wild, and Asia is where cats originally came from the Kattenstoet continues to this day- stuffed... Or Albigensians had more esoteric beliefs seem to be a heresy in itself long carried... Lovers, and not just because of his age cat lovers, and I and... Since carried the label of being a real-life Ted Mosby England, by townsfolk! 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